Axum was an ancient kingdom in the Horn of Africa. It lasted for almost a millennium. There were several different tribes in the Axum. It was ruled by a monarchy and had a strong military. Its economy was based on trade and they minted their own coins. Axum had its own style of architecture. Axumites had their own language and they became Christian. Axum became Ethiopia
It lasted from 100-940 CE. The Axumite empire consisted of parts of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Egypt, Yemen, and Saudia Arabia. Muslims went to Axum for asylum when they were being persecuted by pagan Arabs. Because of this, Ethiopia is third holiest place in Islam.
Axum was ruled by a king called Negus. There was also nobility. They were similar to upper-class people today.
Axum declined because Muslims tookover their trade routes. A Jewish or pagan queen destroyed Askum. The queen ruled Axum for 40 years.
Tribes
They were Cushite, Semitic, and Nilo-Saharan tribes in Axum. The Semitic tribes all together are called Habesha. Habesha consists of Amhara, Tigray, Tigrinya, Beta Isreal, Qement and other tribes. All these tribes are closely related. They came from Yemen.
The Amhara has the most influence over the government of Ethiopia. Tigre language is popular in Northern Ethiopia. Tigrayan language comes from Ge'ez. Beta Isreal may be from the tribe of Dan. The Qement tribe followed pagan and Jewish religious practices. The leader of the Qement tribe was going to marry the leader of Beta Israel so they would combine into one tribe. The marriage never took place, so they didn't combine.
Military
Sarawit: Platoons
Nagast: General
Navy: Ships protected the ports.
Weapons: Spears, shields, swords, and knives.
They used donkeys to transport equipment to the battlefield. They used camels when they fought in the desert. Elephants may have been used in combat. Sometimes the Axumite army only had 3,000 soldiers. Other times it had 100,000!
Economy
Axum was part of the silk road. It traded with Nubia, Egypt, Yemen, Levant, Persia, India, Rome, and Byzantium. Axum may have traded with China. Axum exported gold, salt, incense, exotic animals, tortoise shells, emeralds, farm goods, slaves, and ivory. It imported spices and silk. Some of the trade was inland and some were across the 7 Seas.
Axum starting minting its own coins about 17 centuries ago. The coins were gold, silver, and bronze. The coins had their own unique designs. Some coin designs may have been influenced by Persians, Indians, and Romans.
Architecture
Tekken: An ancient Kemetic symbol that represents the makeshift phallus of Asar. There are many tekkens in Ethiopia. They may have a different meaning than the Kemetic ones.
Rock-Hewn Churches: Churches made out of a huge stone. There are 11 of them.
They built with stone and wood. There were palaces in Axum.
Axum Language and Religion
The language of Axum is Ge'ez. Ge'ez inspired several of the Semitic languages in Ethiopia. Ge'ez is the language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.
B4 Axum became Christian it was pagan. Astar, Beher and Mahrem were the most important trinity in Axum. They ruled over heaven, earth, and sea. They were similar to Greek gods. They also worshiped Sin (moon god), Nuru (dawn god), Dhat-Himyam (fertility goddess), and other deities. The crescent moon was put on coins b4 Axum was Christian.
A Negus Ezana learned Christianity from a Syrian slave. His name was Frumentius; he became a bishop. He went to Alexandria to tell the bishops Axum is a Christian nation. From the point on, Alexandrian bishops chose which person would be the bishop in Axum until 1959.
Negus Ezana made Christianity the state religion. This happened 17 centuries ago. Christian symbols were put on coins once it became the state religion.
This form of Christianity is called Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. This church was ruled by the Coptic Church from 300's-1959.
For a little while, Ethiopia became Catholic. It was because of the Jesuits. Jesuits are the ninjas of the Catholic Church.
I think Ethiopian Orthodox is the most Jewish form of Christianity. There are books in the Ethiopian bible that aren't in the Catholic and Protestant bibles.
Axum was a great country! It had a great government and military. Sweet tribes lived in Axum. They had a robust economy and nice architecture. Ge'ez is an ancient Semitic language that had a big impact on the languages of Ethiopia. I give Axum an A+.
I thought Ethiopian Christianity was the truest form of Christianity because Ethiopia is an African nation. Now I know Christianity is terrible for Black people, excluding Ethiopians and Sudanese people. Christianity is a slave religion to Black people. If you black don't be a Christian, Jew, or Muslim.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum
http://www.blackpast.org/gah/axum-ca-100-b-c-e-ca-650-d
https://sacredsites.com/africa/ethiopia/sacred_sites_ethiopia.html
http://www.dailykos.com/story/2010/11/14/920557/-
http://www.ducksters.com/history/africa/kingdom_of_aksum_axum.php
http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/axum-legendary-kingdom-ancient-ethiopia-006720
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Aksumite_Empire
http://www.afropedea.org/axum-aksum-axumite-aksumite-empire-kingdom
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssinian_people
http://www.madote.com/2013/01/the-true-origin-of-habesha.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksumite_currency
http://www.coinweek.com/featured-news/the-coinage-of-aksum/
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=986022
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aksu_3/hd_aksu_3.htm
Axum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ge'ez_language
Rise and Fall of Axum
Aksum Architecture
Negus Saves Muslims
Tekken is brought Back
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