Planets of Astrology

Sun: It represents your personality, health,courage, and stability.  It is the life force.  It is the ruling planet of Leo and it is exalted in Aries. Sun's day is Sunday.

Mercury:  It represents travel, communication, creativity, and intelligence.  It is the ruling planet of Virgo and Gemini.  It is associated with the nervous system and sensory perception.   Mercury's day is Wednesday.     

Venus:  It represents love and relationships.  It rules Taurus and Libra and it is exalted in Pisces.  Venus's day is Friday.     

Moon:  Represents emotions, the subconscious mind, and intuition.  It rules Cancer and it is exalted in Taurus. Moon's day Monday.      

Mars: Represents sex, life, will, desire, and war.  It is the planet of action.  It is very fiery. Ruling planet of Aries and it is exalted in Capricorn.  It is associated with the gonads. Mars's day Tuesday.      

Jupiter: Represents luck, freedom, expansion, growth, and abundance.  It rules Sagittarius and it is exalted in Cancer.  Jupiter's day is Thursday.  

Saturn: Opposite of Jupiter.  It represents stagnation, decline, decay, death, status quo, and government.  It is Kali and the Grim Reaper.  Saturn's day is Saturday.   

Uranus:  Represents uniqueness, and  originality.  Uriel is the angel of this planet.  Rules Aquarius and it is exalted in Scorpio. 

Neptune: Represents mystery and compassion.  It is the afterlife.  Ruling planet of Pisces. 

Pluto: Represents resurrection, redemption, and transformation.  It is Christ.  It rules Scorpio.   

References

http://astrostyle.com/learn-astrology/planets-and-meanings/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planets_in_astrology

http://www.astro.com/astrology/in_planets1_e.htm

http://www.astrotheme.com/astrology_planets.php       

Origin of Western Astrology

Western Astrology was created by the Greeks.  They learned astrology from the Egyptians and Babylonians. The Babylonians saw the planets as deities.  They used astrology to predict the future.  The zodiac consist of 12 constellations.  They are as followed:  Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces.  The zodiac come from the Neteru (Egyptian deities) and/or Babylonian deities. The first zodiac was in Egypt.  The Egyptians came up with the decans.  Decans are 12 parts of the ecliptic.  The ecliptic is the path of the sun around the earth.  Astrology can  help you understand people and situations better.      

References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_astrology
https://www.astrology-house.com/content/docs/articles/brief_history_of_western_astrology.pdf
http://horoscopicastrologyblog.com/2008/12/18/the-history-of-western-astrology/
http://www.astrologyoftheancients.com/egyptian-astrology/